PENGERTIAN POLITIK
Definisi Politik
Istilah politik berasal dari bahasa
Yunani Polis yang artinya kota atau negara, yang kemudian muncul kata-kata
polities yang artinya warga negara dan kata politiko,s yang artinya
kewarganegaraan. Politik (politics) adalah bermacam-macam kegiatan dalam
suatu sistem politik (negara) yang menyangkut proses menentukan tujuan-tujuan
dari sistem itu dan melaksanakan tujuan–tujuan itu, sehingga perlu ditentukan
kebijaksanaan-kebijaksanaan umum (public polities) yang menyangkut pengaturan
dan pembagian atau alokasi dari sumber-sumber dan resources yang ada.Politik
adalah seni tentang kenegaraan yang dijabarkan dalam praktek di lapangan,
sehingga dapat dijelaskan bagaimana Imbungan antar manusia (penduduk) yang
tinggal di suatu tempat (wilayah) yang meskipun memiliki perbedaan pendapat dan
kepentingannya, tetap mengakui adanya kepentingan bersama untuk mencapai
cita-cita dan tujuan nasionalnya.Pengertian ini merupakan upaya penggabungan
antara berbagai definisi yang berbeda mengenai hakikat politik yang
dikenal dalam ilmu politik. Berikut ini adalah pengertian politik menurut
para ahli.
ROD
HAGUE
Politik adalah kegiatan yang menyangkut
cara bagaimana kelompok-kelompok mencapai keputusan-keputusan yang bersifat
kolektif dan mengikat melalui usaha untuk mendamaikan perbedaan-perbedaan
diantara anggota-anggotanya.
ANDREW
HEYWOOD
Politik adalah kegiatan suatu bangsa
yang bertujuan untuk membuat, mempertahankan, dan mengamandemen
peraturan-peraturan umum yang mengatur kehidupannya, yang berarti tidak dapat
terlepas dari gejala komflik dan kerjasama.
CARL
SCHMIDT
Politik adalah suatu dunia yang
didalamnya orang-orang lebih membuat keputusan - keputusan daripada
lembaga-lembaga abstrak.
LITRE
Politik didefinisikan sebagai ilmu
memerintah dan mengatur Negara
ROBERT
Definisi politik adalah seni memerintah
dan mengatur masyarakat manusia.
Di
samping itu politik juga dapat ditilik dari sudut pandang berbeda, yaitu antara
lain:
1. Politik
adalah usaha yang ditempuh warga negara untuk mewujudkan kebaikan bersama
(Teori Klasik Aristoteles)
2. Politik
adalah hal yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan Negara
3. Politik
merupakan kegiatan yang diarahkan untuk mendapatkan dan mempertahankan
kekuasaan di masyarakat
4. Politik
adalah segala sesuatu tentang proses perumusan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan publik.
Sistem politik
Sistem politik adalah “suatu sistem yang
mempunyai ruang lingkup di bidang politik, yang meliputi bagian/lembaga yang
berfungsi di bidang politik, kegiatannya berhubungan dengan kenegaraan/
pemerintah”; yaitu semua kegiatan yang meliputi penentuan suatu kebijakan umum
(public policy) dan bagaimana kebijakan itu dilaksanakan. Struktur politik
merupakan suatu “keseluruhan dari pengelompokan yang timbul dari masyarakat,
baik berupa lembaga kenegaraan maupun kemasyarakatan yang berpengaruh dalam
pembuatan kebijakan yang otoritatif dan mengikat masyarakat.
Teori Ilmu Politik
Ilmu politik merupakan cabang dari
ilmu-ilmu sosial lain, seperti antropologi, sosiologi, psikologi, ekonomi dan
sebagainya. Sampai saat ini ilmu politik memiliki perkembangan yang sangat
pesat. Dalam pandangan Profesor Voegelin dalam The New Science of Politics
dikatakan justru dalam keadaan yang transitoir, dalam keadaan yang tidak
stabil, dalam periode revolusioner-lah, ilmu politik tampaknya cenderung untuk
berkembang dengan pesat.
Teori
politik memiliki dua makna yaitu :
1. Teori
sebagai pemikiran spekulatif tentang bentuk dan tata cara pengaturan masyarakat
yang ideal. Contoh : Teori politik Marxis-Leninis atau komunisme, Teori politik yang berdasar pada
pemikiran Adam Smith kapitalisme. Pemikiran Tan Malaka dalam tulisannya Madilog, Nasakom yang diajukan Soekarno.
2. Menunjuk
pada kajian sistematis tentang segala kegiatan dalam masyarakat untuk hidup
dalam kebersamaan. Contoh : Teori struktural - fungsional yang
diajukan oleh Talcot Parson (seorang sosiolog), antara lain diturunkan kedalam
teori politik menjadi Civic Culture. Konsep sistem politik sendiri
merupakan ciptaan para akademisi yang mengkaji kehidupan politik (sesungguhnya
diturunkan dari konsep sistem sosial).
Keterangan
diatas dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut :
“ Ilmu politik memahami tentang hak dan
kewenangan,kekuasaan, proses pembuatan keputusan dalam masyarakat serta konflik
yang terjadi akibat dari distribusi dan alokasi barang-barang yang dianggap
bernilai dalam masyarakat “.
PENGERTIAN
EKONOMI
Defisi ekonomi
Istilah "ekonomi" sendiri
berasal dari bahasaYunani,
yaitu οἶκος (oikos) yang berarti " keluarga, rumah tangga" dan νόμος
(nomos) yang berarti "peraturan, aturan, hukum ".
Secara garis besar, ekonomi diartikan sebagai " aturan rumah tangga "
atau " manajemen rumah tangga." Sementara yang dimaksud dengan ahli
ekonomi atau ekonom adalah orang menggunakan konsep
ekonomi dan data dalam bekerja.
Teori Ilmu Ekonomi
Ilmu ekonomi adalah ilmu yang
mempelajari perilaku manusia dalam memilih dan menciptakan kemakmuran. Inti
masalah ekonomi adalah adanya ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan manusia yang
tidak terbatas dengan alat pemuas kebutuhan yang jumlahnya terbatas.
Beberapa
faktor yang memengaruhi sehingga jumlah kebutuhan seseorang berbeda dengan
jumlah kebutuhan orang lain:
1. Faktor
ekonomi
2. Faktor
lingkungan sosial budaya
3. Faktor
fisik
4. Faktor
pendidikan
5. Faktor moral
Pembagian
Ilmu Ekonomi ( Alferd W. Stonier dan Douglas C. Hague )
1. Descriptive
Economics ( ilmu ekonomi deskriptif ).
Di
sini dikumpulkan semua kenyataan yang penting tentang pokok pembicaraan (topik)
yang tertentu, artinya mendiskripsikan data-data yang menjelaskan berbagai
fenomena dan kenyataan yang terjadi.misalnya: sistem pertanian di Bali, atau
industri katun di India.
2. Economic
Theory ( ilmu ekonomi teori atau teori ekonomi atau analisis ekonomi ).
Di
sini kita memberikan penjelasan yang disederhanakan tentang caranya suatu
sistem ekonomi bekerja dan ciri-ciri yang penting dari sistem seperti itu.
Teori ekonomi dibangun dengan landasan pengamatan sebab akibat berdasarkan aksi
dan reaksi yang terjadi dalam kehidupan ekonomi masyarakat.
3. Applied
Economics (ilmu ekonomi terapan).
Di
sini kita mencoba mempergunakan rangka dasar umum dan analisis yang diberikan oleh
ekonomi teori untuk menerangkan sebab-sebab dan arti pentingnya
kejadian-kejadian yang dilaporkan oleh para ahli ekonomi deskriptif.
Metode Ekonomi
1. Positive
economics
Ekonomi
positif adalah pendekatan ekonomi yang mempelajari berbagai pelaku dan proses
bekerjanya aktivitas ekonomi, tanpa menggunakan suatu pandangan subjektif untuk
menyatakan bahwa sesuatu itu baik atau jelek dari sudut pandang ekonomi. Ekonomi
positif di bagi menjadi dua, yaitu ekonomi deskriptif dan ekonomi teori.
2. Normative
economics
Beberapa ahli
dari hal ini membangun yang disebut dengan politik ekonomi (political
economics), salah satu cabangnya ekonomi kelembagaan. Ekonomi normatif adalah
pendekatan ekonomi dalam mempelajari perilaku ekonomi yang terjadi, dengan
mencoba memberikan penilaian baik atau buruk berdasarkan pertimbangan subjektif.
Keterangan diatas dapat
disimpulkan sebagai berikut :
“
Ilmu ekonomi memahami,menelaah dan mencermati kehidupan individu dan masyarakat
dalam memenuhi kebutuhan (memproduksi, mengonsumsi barang dan jasa yang
terbatas dalam masyarakat)”.
HUBUNGAN
POLITIK DAN EKONOMI
Terdapat perbedaan yang
mendasar antara konsep politik dan konsep ekonomi, akan tetapi meski
demikian kedua istilah tersebut sering di jumpai secara bersamaan atau bergandengan,
seperti istilah “politik ekonomi, ekonomi politik atau politik dan
ekonomi” hal itu menurut hemat pemakalah menunjukkan bahwa antara
“Politik” dan “Ekonomi” memiliki keterkaitan. Keterkaitan yang dimaksud ialah
bahwa disatu sisi, konsepsi politik yang banyak membicarakan persoalan
tata negara, selalu berusaha untuk mewujudkan sebuah sistem ketatanegaraan
yang baik, untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan negaranya. Sementara disisi lain
konsepsi ekonomi yang banyak membicarakan tentang kebutuhan hidup warga negara
(produksi, komsumsi, dan distribusi) selalu berusaha untuk memberikan
solusi dan mekanisme agar kebutuhan warga negara bisa terpenuhi.
Ronald H. Cilcote dalam bukunya
“Teori Perbandingan Politik” pada bagian awal beranggapan bahwa persoalan
politk bisa diisolasi dari pertanyaan-pertanyaan non-politik, akan tetapi
dengan analisis yang sangat mendalam ia berkesimpulan bahwa ternyata politik
tidak bisa dilepaskan dari pertanyaan-pertanyaaa non-politik, termasuk social
dan ekonomi, menurutnya dalam usahanya mencari sebuah paradigma radikal, para
ahli politik selalu menghubungkan dengan ide Marx dan pertanyaan-pertanyaan
tentang ekonomi politik.
POLITIK EKONOMI
Politik ekonomi adalah kebijakan yang
dijalankan untuk memperbaiki keburukan ekonomi yang sedang berlangsung.Apabila kita perhatikan dari
pengertian politik ekonomi tersebut maka tujuan politik ekonomi yaitu agar kehidupan ekonomi masyarakat menjadi lebih baik atau lebih meningkat. Sudah
barang tentu setiap Negara akan berbeda
dalam mengambil langkah kebijaksanannya yang
tujuannya adalah tetap sama yakni untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat. Misalnya, untuk memperbaiki inflasi maka pemerintah atau pemengang otoritas moneter.dalam hal ini Bank Indonesia akan melaksanakan politik ekonomi yang disebut politik moneter. Politik meneter atau tindakan moneter yang dijalankan untuk menekan laju inflasi adalah menaikkan diskonto, melaksanakan operasi pasar terbuka, dan meningkatkan cadangan umum bank-bank komersial.
Tindakan-tindakan
tersebut antara lain :
1. Dalam bidang ekspor dan
Impor
misalnya dengan cara
pemerintah memajukan industri dalam negeri dengan memberikan dorongan untuk dapat meningkatkan penjualan barang ke luar negeri (ekspor). Sedangkan untuk bidang impor dengan cara pemerintah membatasi barang-barang tertentu dengan tujuan untuk melindungi perusahaan dalam negeri
2. Dalam bidang produksi
3. Dalam bidang keuangan
dan perpajakan
Misalnya pemerintah
mengadakan tindakan penyehatan keuangan dengan sanering, pajak perseoran, pajak penjualan, pajak kendaraan bermotor dan lainnya.
definition of Politics
The term comes from the Greek political policy , which means the city or state , which then came word that means polities citizens and said politico , s the meaning of citizenship . Politics ( politics ) is a variety of activities within a political system ( the state ) related to the process of determining the goals of the system and carry out those goals , so it is necessary to determine the general policies (public polities ) and setting regarding the division or allocation of resources and the resources of the state ada.Politik is the art which are translated into practice in the field , so it can be explained how Imbungan between people ( residents ) who live in a place ( region ) that despite having differing opinions and interests , while recognizing shared interests to achieve the goals and objectives of its national . This understanding is a merger effort between many different definitions of the political nature of which is known in political science . Here is a definition of politics according to experts .
ROD HAGUE
Politics is an activity that involves the way how groups reach decisions are collective and binding through the effort to reconcile the differences among its members .
ANDREW HEYWOOD
Politics is the activity of a nation that aims to create , maintain , and amend the general rules that govern their lives , which means it can not be separated from the symptoms komflik and cooperation .
CARL SCHMIDT
Politics is a world in which more people make decisions - decisions than abstract institutions .
LITRE
Politics is defined as the science of governing and regulating the State
ROBERT
The definition of politics is the art of governing and regulating human society .
Besides politics can also be traced from a different perspective , among other things:
1 . Politics is the effort taken by citizens to realize the common good ( Aristotle Classical Theory )
2 . Politics is a matter relating to the conduct of government and the State
3 . Politics is an activity that is directed to obtain and maintain power in society
4 . Politics is all about the process of formulation and implementation of public policy .
The political system
The political system is " a system that has the scope in the field of politics , which includes parts / institutions functioning in the field of politics , activities associated with the state / government " ; ie all activities that includes determining a policy (public policy) and how the policy was implemented . Political structure is a " whole of grouping arising from society, either in the form of state and social institutions that influence the policy-making community is authoritative and binding .
Theory of Political Science
Political science is a branch of the other social sciences , such as anthropology , sociology , psychology , economics and so on . Until now, political science has developed very rapidly . In the view of Professor voegelin in The New Science of Politics said it in a state that transitoir , in an unstable state , the one in the revolutionary period , political science seems likely to grow rapidly .
Political theory has two meanings , namely :
1 . Theory as speculative ideas about the form and procedure for setting an ideal society . Example : a political theory or Marxist -Leninist communism , political theory based on the ideas of Adam Smith's capitalism . Tan Malaka in his thinking Madilog , Nasakom proposed Sukarno .
2 . Pointing on a systematic review of all activities in the community to live in unity . Example : Structural Theory - Talcot functional proposed by Parson ( a sociologist ) , among others, political theory be lowered into the Civic Culture . The concept of the political system itself is a creation of the academics who study political life ( in fact derived from the concept of a social system ) .
The above description can be summarized as follows :
" Political science understanding of the rights and authority , power , decision -making processes in society and conflicts that occur as a result of the distribution and allocation of items that are considered valuable in society " .
UNDERSTANDING ECONOMICS
its deficit economy
The term "economy " itself comes from the Greek , which οἶκος ( oikos ) which means " family , household " and νόμος ( nomos ) which means " rules , regulations, laws " . Broadly speaking , the economy is defined as " home rule " or " household management . " While the economy is an expert or economist is a person using economic concepts and data in the work .
Theory of Economics
Economics is the science which studies human behavior in selecting and creating prosperity . The core economic problem is the imbalance between human needs that are not limited by the means of satisfying the needs of a limited number .
Some of the factors that affect a person needs a different amount by the number of other people's needs :
1 . Economic factors
2 . Factors socio-cultural environment
3 . Physical factors
4 . Factors education
5 . Factor moral
Distribution of Economic Sciences ( Alferd W. Stonier and Douglas C. Hague )
1 . Descriptive Economics ( descriptive economics ) .
Here are collected all the important facts about the subject ( topic ) that is certain , that describe the data that explain various phenomena and the reality of the matter . eg farming system in Bali , or the cotton industry in India .
2 . Economic Theory ( theory of economics or economic theory or economic analysis ) .
Here we give a simplified explanation of how an economic system works and essential characteristics of such systems . Economic theory is built with a foundation based on the observation of cause and effect of actions and reactions that take place in the economic life of society .
3 . Applied Economics ( applied economics ) .
Here we try to use a common base and analytical framework provided by economic theory to explain the causes and significance of the events reported by the economists descriptive .
Economic methods
1 . Positive economics
Economics is a positive approach to economics that studies the various actors and the workings of economic activity , without the use of a subjective view to claim that something is good or bad from an economic standpoint . Positive economics is divided into two , namely descriptive economics and economic theory .
2 . Normative economics
Some experts of this construct called political economy (political economics ) , one of the branches of institutional economics . Economics is a normative economic approach in studying the behavior of the economy is going , by trying to provide an assessment of good or bad based on subjective considerations .
The above description can be summarized as follows :
" The science of economics to understand , examine and observe the lives of individuals and communities in meeting the needs of ( produce , consume goods and services are limited in society ) "
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS
There are fundamental differences between the concepts of political and economic concepts , but even then the two terms are often encountered together or joined , such as the term " political economy , political economy or political and economic " speakers that it seems to indicate that the " Politics " and " Economy " has relevance . The linkage is meant is that on the one hand , the political conception that many talk about constitutional issues , always trying to create a state system that is good , for the welfare of his country . While on the other hand is much talk about the economic conception of citizen needs ( production , consumption , and distribution ) are always trying to provide solutions and mechanisms that citizens' needs can be met .
Ronald H. Cilcote in his book " Theory of Comparative Politics " at the beginning thought that the problem could be isolated from the political questions of non - political , but with a very deep analysis he concluded that turns politics can not be separated from the question - pertanyaaa non - political , including social and economic , he said in his quest for a radical paradigm , political experts always connects with ideas of Marx and questions of political economy .
POLITICAL ECONOMY
Political economy is a policy that is implemented to improve the economic evils that currently berlangsung.Apabila we note from the definition of the political economy of economic policy goals , namely that the economic life of the community for the better or more increased . Of course, each country will be different in taking steps kebijaksanannya the goal is still the same ie to the welfare of society . For example , to fix inflation or government authority pemengang moneter.dalam this Bank Indonesia will implement the so-called political economy of monetary policy . Meneter political or monetary measures undertaken to curb inflation is to raise the discount , carry out open market operations , and improve the general reserves of commercial banks .
These actions include:
1 . In the field of export and import
for example by the government to promote the domestic industry by providing a boost to be able to increase sales of goods abroad ( exports ) . As for the field of import by way of the government to restrict certain items in order to protect domestic companies
2 . In the field of production
3 . In the field of finance and taxation
For example, the government held with the financial restructuring measures sanering , perseoran tax , sales tax , motor vehicle and other taxes .
political understanding
definition of Politics
The term comes from the Greek political policy , which means the city or state , which then came word that means polities citizens and said politico , s the meaning of citizenship . Politics ( politics ) is a variety of activities within a political system ( the state ) related to the process of determining the goals of the system and carry out those goals , so it is necessary to determine the general policies (public polities ) and setting regarding the division or allocation of resources and the resources of the state ada.Politik is the art which are translated into practice in the field , so it can be explained how Imbungan between people ( residents ) who live in a place ( region ) that despite having differing opinions and interests , while recognizing shared interests to achieve the goals and objectives of its national . This understanding is a merger effort between many different definitions of the political nature of which is known in political science . Here is a definition of politics according to experts .
ROD HAGUE
Politics is an activity that involves the way how groups reach decisions are collective and binding through the effort to reconcile the differences among its members .
ANDREW HEYWOOD
Politics is the activity of a nation that aims to create , maintain , and amend the general rules that govern their lives , which means it can not be separated from the symptoms komflik and cooperation .
CARL SCHMIDT
Politics is a world in which more people make decisions - decisions than abstract institutions .
LITRE
Politics is defined as the science of governing and regulating the State
ROBERT
The definition of politics is the art of governing and regulating human society .
Besides politics can also be traced from a different perspective , among other things:
1 . Politics is the effort taken by citizens to realize the common good ( Aristotle Classical Theory )
2 . Politics is a matter relating to the conduct of government and the State
3 . Politics is an activity that is directed to obtain and maintain power in society
4 . Politics is all about the process of formulation and implementation of public policy .
The political system
The political system is " a system that has the scope in the field of politics , which includes parts / institutions functioning in the field of politics , activities associated with the state / government " ; ie all activities that includes determining a policy (public policy) and how the policy was implemented . Political structure is a " whole of grouping arising from society, either in the form of state and social institutions that influence the policy-making community is authoritative and binding .
Theory of Political Science
Political science is a branch of the other social sciences , such as anthropology , sociology , psychology , economics and so on . Until now, political science has developed very rapidly . In the view of Professor voegelin in The New Science of Politics said it in a state that transitoir , in an unstable state , the one in the revolutionary period , political science seems likely to grow rapidly .
Political theory has two meanings , namely :
1 . Theory as speculative ideas about the form and procedure for setting an ideal society . Example : a political theory or Marxist -Leninist communism , political theory based on the ideas of Adam Smith's capitalism . Tan Malaka in his thinking Madilog , Nasakom proposed Sukarno .
2 . Pointing on a systematic review of all activities in the community to live in unity . Example : Structural Theory - Talcot functional proposed by Parson ( a sociologist ) , among others, political theory be lowered into the Civic Culture . The concept of the political system itself is a creation of the academics who study political life ( in fact derived from the concept of a social system ) .
The above description can be summarized as follows :
" Political science understanding of the rights and authority , power , decision -making processes in society and conflicts that occur as a result of the distribution and allocation of items that are considered valuable in society " .
UNDERSTANDING ECONOMICS
its deficit economy
The term "economy " itself comes from the Greek , which οἶκος ( oikos ) which means " family , household " and νόμος ( nomos ) which means " rules , regulations, laws " . Broadly speaking , the economy is defined as " home rule " or " household management . " While the economy is an expert or economist is a person using economic concepts and data in the work .
Theory of Economics
Economics is the science which studies human behavior in selecting and creating prosperity . The core economic problem is the imbalance between human needs that are not limited by the means of satisfying the needs of a limited number .
Some of the factors that affect a person needs a different amount by the number of other people's needs :
1 . Economic factors
2 . Factors socio-cultural environment
3 . Physical factors
4 . Factors education
5 . Factor moral
Distribution of Economic Sciences ( Alferd W. Stonier and Douglas C. Hague )
1 . Descriptive Economics ( descriptive economics ) .
Here are collected all the important facts about the subject ( topic ) that is certain , that describe the data that explain various phenomena and the reality of the matter . eg farming system in Bali , or the cotton industry in India .
2 . Economic Theory ( theory of economics or economic theory or economic analysis ) .
Here we give a simplified explanation of how an economic system works and essential characteristics of such systems . Economic theory is built with a foundation based on the observation of cause and effect of actions and reactions that take place in the economic life of society .
3 . Applied Economics ( applied economics ) .
Here we try to use a common base and analytical framework provided by economic theory to explain the causes and significance of the events reported by the economists descriptive .
Economic methods
1 . Positive economics
Economics is a positive approach to economics that studies the various actors and the workings of economic activity , without the use of a subjective view to claim that something is good or bad from an economic standpoint . Positive economics is divided into two , namely descriptive economics and economic theory .
2 . Normative economics
Some experts of this construct called political economy (political economics ) , one of the branches of institutional economics . Economics is a normative economic approach in studying the behavior of the economy is going , by trying to provide an assessment of good or bad based on subjective considerations .
The above description can be summarized as follows :
" The science of economics to understand , examine and observe the lives of individuals and communities in meeting the needs of ( produce , consume goods and services are limited in society ) "
POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS
There are fundamental differences between the concepts of political and economic concepts , but even then the two terms are often encountered together or joined , such as the term " political economy , political economy or political and economic " speakers that it seems to indicate that the " Politics " and " Economy " has relevance . The linkage is meant is that on the one hand , the political conception that many talk about constitutional issues , always trying to create a state system that is good , for the welfare of his country . While on the other hand is much talk about the economic conception of citizen needs ( production , consumption , and distribution ) are always trying to provide solutions and mechanisms that citizens' needs can be met .
Ronald H. Cilcote in his book " Theory of Comparative Politics " at the beginning thought that the problem could be isolated from the political questions of non - political , but with a very deep analysis he concluded that turns politics can not be separated from the question - pertanyaaa non - political , including social and economic , he said in his quest for a radical paradigm , political experts always connects with ideas of Marx and questions of political economy .
POLITICAL ECONOMY
Political economy is a policy that is implemented to improve the economic evils that currently berlangsung.Apabila we note from the definition of the political economy of economic policy goals , namely that the economic life of the community for the better or more increased . Of course, each country will be different in taking steps kebijaksanannya the goal is still the same ie to the welfare of society . For example , to fix inflation or government authority pemengang moneter.dalam this Bank Indonesia will implement the so-called political economy of monetary policy . Meneter political or monetary measures undertaken to curb inflation is to raise the discount , carry out open market operations , and improve the general reserves of commercial banks .
These actions include:
1 . In the field of export and import
for example by the government to promote the domestic industry by providing a boost to be able to increase sales of goods abroad ( exports ) . As for the field of import by way of the government to restrict certain items in order to protect domestic companies
2 . In the field of production
3 . In the field of finance and taxation
For example, the government held with the financial restructuring measures sanering , perseoran tax , sales tax , motor vehicle and other taxes .
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